Contact Us. Documentation Topics. The purpose of this draft paper is to start a conversation about what it means to have confidence in the cybersecurity of IoT devices used by individuals and organizations and the various ways of gaining that confidence. This paper describes the landscape of confidence mechanisms that are currently available for establishing the security of IoT devices in the marketplace.
In preparing this paper, NIST conducted extensive research on initiatives that can help to instill confidence in IoT device security and held a series of meetings with government and industry experts to glean information on the unique aspects and challenges in this space.
NIST seeks comments on this paper and on the topic of confidence mechanisms including comments addressing the following questions:. Technologies hardware. The Power BI back-end cluster reads the Azure AD access token and validates the signature to ensure that the identity for the request is valid.
The Azure AD access token has a default lifetime of 1 hour , and to maintain the current session the user's browser will make periodic requests to renew the access token before it expires. Unless otherwise indicated in documentation, Power BI stores customer data in an Azure geography that is assigned when an Azure AD tenant signs up for Power BI services for the first time.
An Azure AD tenant houses the user and application identities, groups, and other relevant information that pertain to an organization and its security. The assignment of an Azure geography for tenant data storage is done by mapping the country or region selected as part of the Azure AD tenant setup to the most suitable Azure geography where a Power BI deployment exists. Once this determination is made, all Power BI customer data will be stored in this selected Azure geography also known as the home geo , except in cases where organizations utilize multi-geo deployments.
Some organizations have a global presence and may require Power BI services in multiple Azure geographies. For example, a business may have their headquarters in the United States but may also do business in other geographical areas, such as Australia. In such cases the business may require that certain Power BI data remain stored at rest in the remote region to comply with local regulations.
This feature of the Power BI service is referred to as multi-geo. The query execution layer, query caches, and artifact data assigned to a multi-geo workspace are hosted and remain in the remote capacity Azure geography. However, some artifact metadata, such as report structure, may remain stored at rest in the tenant's home geo. Additionally, some data transit and processing may still happen in the tenant's home geo, even for workspaces that are hosted in a multi-geo Premium capacity.
For more information about where your data is stored and how it is used, please refer to the Microsoft Trust Center. Commitments concerning the location of customer data at rest are specified in the Data Processing Terms of the Microsoft Online Services Terms.
Microsoft also provides datacenters for sovereign entities. This section outlines Power BI data handling practices when it comes to storing, processing, and transferring customer data. All data persisted by Power BI is encrypted by default using Microsoft-managed keys. Optionally, organizations can utilize Power BI Premium to use their own keys to encrypt data at rest that is imported into a dataset.
This approach is often described as bring your own key BYOK. Utilizing BYOK helps ensure that even in case of a service operator error, customer data will not be exposed — something that cannot easily be achieved using transparent service-side encryption. Please see Bring your own encryption keys for Power BI for more information.
Power BI datasets allow for a variety of data source connection modes which determine whether the data source data is persisted in the service or not. Regardless of the dataset mode utilized, Power BI may temporarily cache any retrieved data to optimize query and report load performance. Data is in processing when it is either actively being used by one or more users as part of an interactive scenario, or when a background process, such as refresh, touches this data.
Power BI loads actively processed data into the memory space of one or more service workloads. To facilitate the functionality required by the workload, the processed data in memory is not encrypted.
Any requests attempting to use the service with TLS 1. When connecting to a data source, a user can choose to import a copy of the data into Power BI or to connect directly to the data source. In the case of import, a user establishes a connection based on the user's login and accesses the data with the credential.
Once data is imported, viewing the data in reports and dashboards does not access the underlying data source. Power BI supports single sign-on authentication for selected data sources.
If the connection is configured to use single sign-on, the dataset owner's credentials are used to connect to the data source. If a data source is connected directly using pre-configured credentials, the pre-configured credentials are used to connect to the data source when any user views the data.
If a data source is connected directly using single sign-on, the current user's credentials are used to connect to the data source when a user views the data. This allows users to view only data they have privileges to access. Dataflows provide users the ability to configure back-end data processing operations that will extract data from polymorphous data sources, execute transformation logic against the data, and then land it in a target model for use across various reporting presentation technologies.
Any user who has either a member, contributor, or admin role in a workspace may create a dataflow. Users in the viewer role may view data processed by the dataflow but may not make changes to its composition. Once a dataflow has been authored, any member, contributor, or admin of the workspace may schedule refreshes, as well as view and edit the dataflow by taking ownership of it. Each configured data source is bound to a client technology for accessing that data source.
The structure of credentials required to access them is formed to match required implementation details of the data source. Transformation logic is applied by Power Query services while the data is in flight. For premium dataflows, Power Query services execute in back-end nodes. Data may be pulled directly from the cloud sources or through a gateway installed on premises. When pulled directly from a cloud source to the service or to the gateway, the transport uses protection methodology specific to the client technology, if applicable.
When data is transferred from the gateway to the cloud service, it is encrypted. See the Data in Processing section above. They are stored using standard product-wide credential storage. See the Authentication to Data Sources section above. There are various approaches users may configure to optimize data persistence and access.
By default, the data is placed in a Power BI owned and protected storage account. Storage encryption is enabled on the Blob storage containers to protect the data while it is at rest. See the Data at Rest section below. Users may, however, configure their own storage account associated with their own Azure subscription.
When doing so, a Power BI service principal is granted access to that storage account so that it may write the data there during refresh. In this case the storage resource owner is responsible for configuring encryption on the configured ADLS storage account. Data is always transmitted to Blob storage using encryption. Since performance when accessing storage accounts may be suboptimal for some data, users also have the option to use a Power BI-hosted compute engine to increase performance.
Data is always encrypted on the file system. If the user provides a key for encrypting the data stored in the SQL database, that key will be used to doubly encrypt it. All secondary or indirect use of DirectQuery is controlled by the same access controls previously described. Since dataflows are always bound to a workspace, access to the data is always gated by the user's role in that workspace. A user must have at least read access to be able to query the data via any means.
When Power BI Desktop is used to access data in a dataflow, it must first authenticate the user using Azure AD to determine if the user has sufficient rights to view the data. The processing of data throughout the pipeline emits Office auditing events. Some of these events will capture security and privacy-related operations. Paginated reports are designed to be printed or shared.
They're called paginated because they're formatted to fit well on a page. They display all the data in a table, even if the table spans multiple pages.
They're also called pixel perfect because you can control their report page layout exactly. Paginated reports support rich and powerful expressions written in Microsoft Visual Basic. Expressions are widely used throughout Power BI Report Builder paginated reports to retrieve, calculate, display, group, sort, filter, parameterize, and format data. Expressions are created by the author of the report with access to the broad range of features of the.
NET framework. The processing and execution of paginated reports is performed inside a sandbox. Paginated report definitions. The Azure AD token obtained during the authentication is used to communicate directly from the browser to the Power BI Premium cluster.
For Premium Gen1, a single sandbox exists per each one of the capacities of the tenant, and is shared by the workspaces assigned to the capacity. For Premium Gen2, an individual and exclusive ephemeral sandbox is created for each one of the renders of a report, providing a higher level of isolation between users. A paginated report can access a wide set of data sources as part of the rendering of the report.
The sandbox doesn't communicate directly with any of the data sources but instead communicates with the trusted process to request data, and then the trusted process appends the required credentials to the connection. In this way the sandbox never has access to any credential or secret. In order to support features such as Bing maps, or calls to Azure Functions, the sandbox does have access to the internet.
Independent Software Vendors ISVs and solution providers have two main modes of embedding Power BI artifacts in their web applications and portals: embed for your organization and embed for your customers. The artifact is embedded into an iframe in the application or portal. It's the responsibility of an ISV back-end service to authenticate its end users and decide which artifacts and which access level is appropriate for that end user.
End users using a browser or other client applications are not able to decrypt or modify embed tokens. Most of the features mentioned above are supported in both Shared and Premium workspaces today.
And we examine the importance of diversity in software development. Posted: 14 Jan Published: 14 Jan Posted: 14 Oct Published: 15 Oct Posted: 25 Jun Published: 25 Jun Posted: 05 Oct Published: 05 Oct Cover your eyes if you are squeamish as you only have days left to get things right.
We lead this issue with a story published in February, so perhaps things have changed. But if not, some organisations should be concerned. Posted: 01 May Published: 01 May Posted: 12 Apr Published: 12 Apr Posted: 01 Mar Published: 08 Mar Posted: 07 Feb Published: 08 Feb Environmental risks dominate, but cyber attacks, the risks of artificial intelligence, and the possibility of the internet defragmenting are high on the agenda.
Posted: 16 Jan Published: 17 Jan Smart city developments are an example. But read in this issue how in the Middle East, where there is a growing population and a rise in lifestyle-related disease, IT is being used to support the healthcare system.
Posted: 04 Jan Published: 11 Jan
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